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Diabetes mellitus occupies the main place among diseases of endocrine origin, and it is the third after cardiovascular and oncopathologies. Recent years, there has been a tendency towards increasing of this pathology. A violation of the synthesis of insulin leads to increasing of the level of glucose in the blood. Chronic hyperglycemia may be accompanied by dislipoproteinemia, blood flow, coagulation disorders and oxidant stress. Generalized changes in blood vessels are one of the causes of the development of complications in various organs and systems, including muscle tissue. Depending on the level of hyperglycemia, the possibility of its correction, duration and development of complications, diabetes mellitus leads to disability of patients and, in turn, is the cause of temporary and permanent invalidity and mortality.The violation of the action of the insulin receptor in case of diabetes mellitus leads to the disruption of further series of reactions and insulin resistance of the skeletal muscles. However, there is no information about the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on chewing muscles. It was for this reason that the remodeling of the muscle tissue of the temporomandibular joint area was studied in experimental animals.